Kodak Film Camera P 255 User Manual

June 2003 • P-255

TECHNICAL DATA / BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical

Pan Film

• Laser recording

• Other applications such as slide making, copying, and

microfilming that require high or moderately high

contrast combined with fine grain and high resolving

power

—NOTICE—

Discontinuance of

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film is being

discontinued due to steadily declining demand over the recent

years. Changes in product components and our manufacturing

processes make it impractical to continue to support this

product at its current low levels.

SIZES AVAILABLE

Sizes and CAT numbers may differ from country to country.

See your dealer who supplies KODAK PROFESSIONAL

Products.

The last Tech Pan coating was several years ago. Since that

time, the old coating room has been shut down, the gels used

in the product formulation have become obsolete, and we no

longer manufacture the ESTAR support on which the 35 mm

product was coated. There would be considerable cost to

recreate the product, with no guarantee that it would look and

act the same as the Tech Pan Film of old.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film 2415

Size

mm x ft Code

Film

Letter

Code

Base

Sp No.

CAT No.

4-mil

Technical Pan Film will continue to be available until the

existing inventory has been depleted.

35 x 150 2415 (0.10 mm)

442

129 9916

ESTAR-AH

While there is no direct replacement for Tech Pan Film, you

may find KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film in

combination with specific B&W Developers to be a viable

alternative for some applications.

Film

Code

Letter

Code

Size

Base

4-mil

CAT No.

135-36

2415

(0.10 mm)

ESTAR-AH

129 7563

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film is Kodak’s

slowest and finest-grained black-and-white film for pictorial

photography (when developed in KODAK TECHNIDOL

Liquid Developer). It is a variable-contrast panchromatic

film with extended red sensitivity; because of its extended

red sensitivity, it yields prints with a gray-tone rendering

slightly different from that produced by other panchromatic

films. (This is most noticeable in portraits, in which it

suppresses blemishes.)

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan 4415

Sheets

Per

Package

Sizes

Film

Base

CAT No.

882 6596

852 1817

(inches) Code/Notch

4 x 5

7-mil

(0.18 mm)

ESTAR

Thick

8 x 10

Use this film for pictorial, scientific, technical, and

reversal-processing applications. It is an excellent choice for

making big enlargements or murals.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film 6415

Film

Code

Letter

Code

Size

Base

CAT No.

APPLICATIONS

You can vary the contrast of KODAK PROFESSIONAL

Technical Pan Film by modifying development. The wide

range of contrast levels, along with the spectral sensitization

and combination of speed and image-structure properties,

makes this film unusually versatile and suitable for many

applications:

3.6-mil

(0.091 mm)

acetate

120

6415

151 1054

Because 2415 Film has a thinner base than conventional

35 mm picture-taking films, 150-foot rolls finished to Sp 442

will fit in bulk-film loaders designed to accept 100-foot rolls.

Other sizes are available on a special-order basis, subject

to manufacturing limitations and current minimum-order

requirements. Minimum-order quantities for special-order

sizes are generally 750 square feet (70 square metres) of

film.

• Pictorial photography

• Photomicrography

• Microphotography (Microfilming)

• Solar photography

• Photographing electrophoretic gels

©Eastman Kodak Company, 2000

Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures

Compensate for the reciprocity characteristics of this film by

increasing exposure and adjusting the development as

shown.

DARKROOM RECOMMENDATIONS

Handle unprocessed film in total darkness. After

development is half completed, you can use a KODAK

3 Safelight Filter (dark green) in a suitable safelight lamp

with a 15-watt bulb. Keep the safelight at least

4 feet (1.2 metres) from the film.

This

If Indicated

Exposure

Time Is

Use This

Lens-

Aperture

AND

Use This

Development

Adjustment

Adjusted

Exposure

Time

For information on safelight testing, see KODAK

Publication K-4, How Safe Is Your Safelight?

(seconds) Adjustment

(seconds)

1/10,000

1/1,000

1/100

1/10

None

+30%

+20%

None

–10%

None

+¹⁄₂stop

Adjust

aperture

100

+1¹⁄₂stops

None

Exposure- and Contrast-Index Values for Processing in the

KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11

Development Machine

Exposure

Index

ISO/DIN^*

Contrast

Index

KODAK

Developer

Racks

Temperature

°F (°C)

Speed

(ft/min)

2.20

1.40

VERSAMAT 885

VERSAMAT 641

DURAFLO RT

85 (29.4)

80 (26.5)

160/23°

125/22°

160/23°

* Based on a 1/25-second daylight exposure

Changes in Speed and Contrast

Due to Long- and Short-Exposure Adjustments

Camera

Stops

Log

Exposure

0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

SPEED SHIFT

Exposure: Tungsten or Daylight

1¹

1²

Process: KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),

8 minutes at 68 F (20 C)

C.I.

0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

CONTRAST-INDEX SHIFT

1 2 4 810 32 100

10000 2500

500

100

25 10

5000

1000

250

Time (seconds)

F002_0195AC

P-255 • P-255

Starting-Point Exposures for Making Reverse-Text

Slides: With exposure meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN)

speeds or exposure indexes, use these film-speed values:

SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

Pictorial Photography

These films produce high-quality pictorial negatives when

processed in KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer. (See

“PROCESSING.”) Conventional developers generally

produce contrast too high for normal pictorial photography.

Process the film according to the instructions for KODAK

TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer.

In pictorial applications, the fine grain permits

enlargements at magnifications of 25X or more with little

perceptible grain. The extended red sensitivity has a

haze-cutting effect in photographs of distant landscapes and

in aerial shots.

• Tungsten 200/24°—for incident-light readings or for

reflected-light readings from a gray card (18-percent

reflectance) at the copyboard.

• Tungsten 40/17°—for reflected-light readings from a

matte white card (90-percent reflectance) at the

copyboard.

Note: These values for reverse-text slides are based on

development in KODAK DEKTOL Developer for 3 minutes

at 68°F (20°C).

The exposure index is based on the formula EI = 10/H,

where H is the 1-second exposure in lux-seconds required to

produce a density of 0.60 above minimum density with the

indicated development.

Use an exposure index of 25 for trial exposures.

Copy Applications

You can use these films for copying printed material, making

reverse-text title slides, and copying continuous-tone

photographs.

Use two lamps. Place one on each side of the copy

material so that each light strikes the material at about a

45-degree angle. For originals larger than 16 x 20 inches

(40 x 50 cm), you may need four lamps (two on each side)

for uniform illumination. Determine the exposure with a

meter.

If you use a camera with a through-the-lens meter, take the

reading from a gray card in the copy position. The meter

could give you an incorrect reading from the copy itself,

depending on the amount of text.

If you do not use an exposure meter, try these starting

points: With two No. 2 photolamps in matte-surface

reflectors at about 4 feet (1.2 metres) from the copyboard,

use 1/60 second at ƒ/8. With two No. 1 photolamps, increase

the exposure by one stop.

Copying Continuous-Tone Photographs: To copy

continuous-tone photographs, use an exposure-index value

to achieve a gamma value between 0.6 and 1.0, depending on

the contrast of the original. For low-contrast originals, you

can try KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dilution B) for

6 minutes (EI 160); for higher-contrast originals, use

KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer for 9 minutes

(EI 25).

Microphotography (Microfilming)

The resolving power of Technical Pan Film allows

microfilming of most documents at reductions of up to 20X,

assuming that the copying lens is of high quality and is

carefully focused. The film plane and the plane of the

copyboard must be parallel to provide sharp focus over the

whole image area. When you photograph black-and-white

originals, use a green filter such as a KODAK WRATTEN

Gelatin Filter No. 58 or 61. This will help suppress the

chromatic aberrations found in most lenses that would be

emphasized by the extended red sensitivity of the film.

For optimum image quality, adjust the exposure to

achieve a negative density of 1.20 in the areas that

correspond to the white or light-colored areas of the original.

Process the film to a gamma of 2.0 in KODAK HC-110

Developer (Dilution D) for 8 minutes at 68° F (20°C)

(EI 125).

With meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN) speeds or exposure

indexes, use these film-speed values:

Starting-Point Exposures for Copying Printed

Materials: With meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN) speeds

or exposure indexes, use these film-speed values:

• Tungsten 320/26°—for incident-light readings or for

reflected-light readings from a gray card (18-percent

reflectance) at the copyboard.

• Tungsten 64/19°—for reflected-light readings from a

matte white card (90-percent reflectance) at the

copyboard.

Photographing Electrophoretic Gels

Electrophoretic gels are often photographed to produce

prints for information storage, analysis, display, and

publication. KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan

Films yield high-quality black-and-white negatives from

which you can make high-quality prints of these gels. Adjust

exposure carefully to minimize the appearance of the gel

background tint in the prints.

Make tests to determine exposures for your lighting

conditions. Develop the film for 4 minutes in KODAK

HC-110 Developer (Dilution D) at 68°F (20°C) (EI 80).

TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer may also work with your

setup.

Note: These values are based on small-tank development in

KODAK Developer D-19 for 4 minutes at 68°F (20°C) with

agitation at 30-second intervals.

The exposure index is based on the formula EI = 36/H,

where H is the 1-second exposure in lux-seconds required to

produce a density of 1.20 above minimum density with the

indicated development.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

Photomicrography

Astronomical Photography

The low contrast of most microscopic subjects often requires

a contrast-enhancing film-and-developer combination and

(with stained specimens) a contrast-enhancing filter. For

routine photomicrography of H and E-stained tissue, try a

broad-band yellow-green filter (e.g., a KODAK WRATTEN

Gelatin Filter No. 11) at a tungsten exposure index of 50,

developed in HC-110 Developer (Dilution B) for 8 minutes

at 68°F (20°C). Negatives should print easily and with good

contrast on normal-contrast paper. (If negatives are too

dense, use a higher exposure index; if too thin, use a lower

one. If contrast is too low, increase the development time; if

too high, decrease the time.)

For phase-contrast and differential-contrast techniques,

try a tungsten exposure index of 100, and develop in HC-110

Developer (Dilution D) for 6 minutes at 68°F (20°C). (If

necessary, adjust the exposure index or development as

described above.) This method may also be suitable for

banding techniques in chromosome photomicrography.

When you want maximum contrast, as in older karyotyping

methods, use a tungsten exposure index of about 125, and

develop in Developer D-19 for 4 minutes at 68°F (20°C).

(Because of the differing spectral sensitivities of microscope

photocells and the special characteristics of Technical Pan

Films, these exposure index recommendations cannot be

exact.)

The extended red sensitivity of Technical Pan Films makes

them especially suited to solar photography at the H-alpha

line (656 nm), and their reasonably uniform spectral

sensitivity over the visible region of the spectrum makes them

most useful for solar filtergrams. They are also useful for

lunar and planetary photography. The extremely fine grain

and high resolving power, coupled with high-contrast

development (with Developer D-19, for example) permits

reproduction of very fine detail on objects in the solar system.

You can use these films for stellar photography, but first

hypersensitize them with forming gas or silver nitrate to

improve the film response with the long exposures required.

(For information on hypersensitization of Technical Pan

Films, see the American Astronomical Society

Photo-Bulletin, Issue No. 24, 1980, No. 2.)

Laser Photography

The extended red sensitivity of these films makes them very

useful in applications in which the exposing radiation is from

helium-neon lasers (633 nm) or red-light-emitting diodes

(typically 640 to 650 nm).

For example, Technical Pan Films are frequently

recommended for photographing holograms reconstructed

with the helium-neon lasers. Since the range of scene

brightnesses that can be recorded and reconstructed

holographically is inherently great, it is sometimes

appropriate to process the film to a low contrast (contrast

index of 0.5 to 0.6). However, in holographic interferometry,

processing the film to a contrast index of 1.5 or more will

enhance the visibility of the interferometric fringe by

increasing its modulation. Try HC-110 Developer

(Dilution B).

Metallographers can easily select development conditions

from the characteristic curves shown in this pamphlet, based

on the contrast index they have used successfully with other

materials.

Electron Micrography

Use Technical Pan Film to record the output of the

fiber-optic faceplate in transmission electron microscopes

and to provide optimum contrast and resolution for

biological specimens.

Make tests to determine exposures for the accelerating

voltage and magnification. Develop for 5¹⁄₂minutes in

Developer D-19 (1:2) at 68°F (20°C) or for 4 minutes in

Developer D-19 (full strength) at 68°F (20°C). For less

contrast, process for 8 to 12 minutes in HC-110 Developer

(Dilution B) at 68°F (20°C).

In image-recording or plotting applications, you can

control the film contrast during processing to convert the

modulation range of the recorder to the density range you

want on the film.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

PROCESSING

Development Times for

KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer

in Stainless-Steel 8- or 16- oz

or Plastic 10- or 20-oz Tanks

Handle unprocessed film in total darkness. After

development is half complete, you can use a suitable a

safelight lamp equipped with a KODAK 3 Safelight Filter

(dark green) and a 15-watt bulb for a few seconds. Keep the

safelight at least 4 feet (1.2 metres) from the film.

When you use these films for pictorial applications, you

must select a film-and-developer combination carefully.

With 35 mm Technical Pan Film, use TECHNIDOL Liquid

Developer. With Technical Pan Film / 4415 and 6415 (sheets

and 120 size), use only TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer.

Observe the precautionary information on the developer

packaging.

Temperature 68°F (20°C)

Time 9 minutes

* With 35 mm film only

77°F (25°C)

7¹⁄₂minutes

86°F (30°C)^*

6¹⁄₂minutes

1. Fill the tank with developer adjusted to one of the

temperatures in the table.

2. In total darkness, drop the loaded reels into the tank of

solution and attach the top to the tank.

3. Firmly tap the bottom of the tank on the top of the work

surface to dislodge any air bubbles. (You can then turn

on the room lights.)

KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer

Small-Tank Processing (rolls)

4. Provide immediate agitation by shaking the tank

vigorously up and down 10 to 12 times for 2 seconds.

Do not rotate the tank.

You can process roll film in small 8- or 16-ounce

stainless-steel or 10- or 20-ounce plastic tanks with spiral

reels using the following instructions. With some spiral reels,

the 35 mm film may be susceptible to nonuniform processing

effects if agitation is not carefully controlled. Pouring the

developer on dry film through the light trap in the tank top

can also produce nonuniformity. To avoid processing

problems, pour the developer into the tank before you insert

the loaded reel, and follow the agitation recommendations

below.

Liquid Developer Agitation Technique

Preparing a Working Solution: Mix your liquid developer

according to the instructions packaged with the developer.

Use water at 68 to 86°F (20 to 30°C).

To process one roll of 135-36 film, make 8 fl oz (237 mL)

of developer solution. Stir until the solution is completely

mixed. To process one 120-size roll or two 135-36 rolls of

film in the same process, prepare one pint (16 fl oz [473 mL])

of developer.

You can reuse the developer if you increase the

development time of the second process by 1 minute. Store

the developer in an air-tight bottle, and use it within a week.

F002_0196AC

Processing with TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer in a

Small Tank: The following procedure may vary from the

instructions provided with your tank, but you must follow it

to obtain good results.

Develop roll film for the amount of time in the table below,

according to the developer temperature you choose.

5. Let the tank sit for 30 seconds, and then start the next

2-second agitation.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 every 30 seconds for the remainder

of the development time.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

Final Steps in Tank Processing—

68 to 86°F (20 to 30°C)

Processing with TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer in a

Tray: Use the special agitation procedure described below

for best processing uniformity in a tray.

Time

(min:sec)

Step/Solution

Presoak the film in water at 68°F (20°C) for approximately

2¹⁄₂minutes.

1. Locate the code notch and identify the emulsion side of

the film. Turn the first sheet so that the emulsion side

faces up and the code notch is in the lower left-hand

corner; place the sheet in the water presoak.

Rinse — with agitation:

KODAK Indicator Stop Bath

KODAK EKTAFLO Stop Bath

Fix — with frequent agitation:

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Fixer

KODAK Rapid Fixer

KODAFIX Solution

0:15 to 0:30

2:00 to 4:00

1:30 to 3:00

2:00 to 4:00

2. Agitate the film for 5 seconds. Place the next sheet of

film on top with the emulsion side up and the code notch

in the upper right-hand corner. (This will help you

identify the first sheet of film later.) Repeat this step for

the remaining sheets.

Wash:

Running water

5:00 to 15:00

—OR—

3. When all the sheets are in the presoak, begin timing for

2¹⁄₂minutes. Agitate carefully by pulling the bottom

sheet out every 5 seconds and placing it on top. Be sure

to keep the film emulsion side up and to keep the stack

immersed.

4. After 2¹⁄₂minutes, locate the first sheet, remove it, and

allow it to drain. Using the same code-notch orientation,

quickly place the sheet in the developer and agitate for

about 10 seconds. Move the remaining sheets to the

developer one at a time, agitating each for 10 seconds.

Be careful that they don’t scratch each other.

Rinse with water

KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent

Running water

0:15

1:30

5:00

Final rinse:

KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution

Dry — in a dust-free place

0:30

Note: Keep the rinse and fix temperatures within 3°F (1.7°C)

of the developer temperature, and the wash temperature

within 5°F (3°C) of the developer temperature.

Rinse the film in KODAK Indicator Stop Bath or KODAK

EKTAFLO Stop Bath for 15 to 30 seconds. Use running

water for 30 seconds if you don’t use a stop bath.

Fix the film with frequent agitation in KODAK Rapid Fixer

for 1¹⁄₂to 3 minutes. Or use KODAK PROFESSIONAL

Fixer or KODAFIX Solution for 2 to 4 minutes.

Develop at 68°F (20°C) for 8 minutes. Be sure the developer

is at 68°F (20°C). Agitate the film in the developer as you did

in the presoak. However, increase the rate of the initial

agitation by going through the stack of film four times in the

first minute of development. After 1 minute, take the entire

stack of film and turn it 180 degrees. Continue the agitation

at the normal rate of going through the stack twice per

minute for the rest of the development time. Continue

rotating the film as follows:

Wash the film in clean running water for 5 to 15 minutes.

To save time and conserve water, use KODAK Hypo

Clearing Agent. Rinse the fixed film in running water for

15 seconds. Bathe the film in KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent

for 1 to 2 minutes with agitation. Then wash the film for

5 minutes in running water, providing at least one change of

water during the 5 minutes.

After this

many minutes

Rotate

the stack

To the

90°

180°

90°

left

Dry the film in a dust-free place. To minimize drying marks,

treat the film with KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution after

washing, or wipe the surface carefully with a soft viscose

sponge.

You can use heated forced air at 100°F (38°C) to reduce

drying time.

right

left

180°

90°

180°

left

Tray Processing (sheets)

Mix 1 quart (32 fl oz [946]) of TECHNIDOL Liquid

Developer at one-half the working strength you’d use for roll

films. That is, use 2 packets of developer concentrate and add

enough water at 68°F (20°C) to make 1 quart. Stir until the

developer is completely mixed.

You can develop the equivalent of twelve 4 x 5-inch

sheets of film in this amount of solution. Do not reuse this

solution for a second batch even if your first batch consisted

of fewer than twelve sheets.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

Final Steps in Tray Processing—

65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C)

Other KODAK Developers

To process these films in the other developers listed in the

table Exposure- and Contrast-Index Values for Various

Development Conditions or the Quick Reference Guide to

Developers, follow the instructions for your tank.

Before using any developer, make sure that the solution is

free of small air bubbles. If bubbles adhere to the emulsion,

they may cause small undeveloped clear spots on the film

(dark spots on the print). Bubbles may form more easily if

you mix cold and hot water. If bubbles do form, let the

developer stand until they dissipate. Attaching an aerator to

the water supply will help eliminate small bubbles.

Develop to the contrast index for your application; see

“Exposure” and the characteristic curves. The contrast index

depends primarily on the developer, temperature, dilution,

and processing technique. It is affected less by exposure time

and normal product variability.

Time

(min:sec)

Step/Solution

Rinse — with agitation:

KODAK Indicator Stop Bath

KODAK EKTAFLO Stop Bath

Fix — with frequent agitation:

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Fixer

KODAK Rapid Fixer

KODAFIX Solution

0:15 to 0:30

2:00 to 4:00

Wash:

Running water

5:00 to 15:00

—OR—

Rinse with water

KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent

Running water

0:15

1:30

5:00

KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher

KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter

KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher

Final rinse:

KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution

Dry — in a dust-free place

0:30

Processing Sequence

No. of

Racks

Path

Length

Step

Develop

Fix

Temperature

Rinse the film at 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) in KODAK

Indicator Stop Bath or KODAK EKTAFLO Stop Bath for

15 to 30 seconds. Use running water for 30 seconds if no stop

bath is available.

Put the first sheet into the stop bath and agitate vigorously.

Put the remaining sheets into the stop bath one at a time, and

agitate each vigorously for about 5 seconds. Go through the

stack at the normal pace.

85 ±0.5°F

(29.4 ±0.3°C)

4 ft (1.2 m)

12 ft (3.8 m)

8 ft (2.4 m)

85°F (29°C)

nominal

75 to 80°F

(24 to 27°C)

Wash

Dry

135 to 140°F

(57 to 60°C)

—

To produce a contrast index of about 1.4, start with a machine

speed of 10 feet per minute (3.05 m/min).

Fix the film at 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) in KODAK

PROFESSIONAL Fixer, KODAK Rapid Fixer, or

KODAFIX Solution for 2 to 4 minutes. Move the sheets to

the fixer one at a time. Continue the agitation.

KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher

KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter

KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher

Wash the film in running water at 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C)

for 5 to 15 minutes. To save time and conserve water, you can

use KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent. First rinse the film in

running water for 15 seconds. Transfer the stack of film to

the hypo clearing agent solution and agitate for 1¹⁄₂minutes.

Then wash the film for 5 minutes in running water, providing

at least one change of water during this time. Treat the film

with KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution and hang it up to dry;

do not squeegee.

Processing Sequence

No. of

Racks

Path

Step

Develop

Fix

Temperature

Length

85 ±0.5°F

(29.4 ±0.3°C)

4 ft (1.2 m)

12 ft (3.8 m)

8 ft (2.4 m)

85°F (29°C)

nominal

75 to 80°F

(24 to 27°C)

Wash

Dry

135 to 140°F

(57 to 60°C)

—

To produce a contrast index of about 2.2, start with a machine

speed of 10 feet per minute (3.05 m/min). You will obtain

adequate washing at speeds up to 15 feet per minute

(4.5 m/min).

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

Spectral-Sensitivity Curves

KODAK DURAFLO RT Developer Replenisher

KODAK DURAFLO RT Developer Starter

KODAK Rapid Fixer

3.0

2.0

1.0

Effective Exposure:1.4 sec visible, 0.2 sec ultraviolet

Process:

KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),

8 minutes at 68 F (20 C)

Processing Sequence

No. of

Racks

Path

Length

Diffuse Density=

0.3 above D-min

Step

Develop

Temperature

80 ±0.5°F

(27 ±0.3°C)

8 ft (2.4 m)

12 ft (3.8 m)

8 ft (2.4 m)

80°F (27°C)

nominal

Fix

0.0

1.0

Diffuse Density=

1.0 above D-min

70 to 75°F

(21 to 24°C)

Wash

Dry

135 to 140°F^*

(57 to 60°C)

—

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

WAVELENGTH (nm)

To produce a contrast index of about 1.4, start with a machine

speed of 8 feet per minute (2.4 m/min). Washing at this speed will

not provide archival quality, but it should be adequate for many

scientific recording applications.

*Sensitivity = reciprocal of exposure (erg/cm²) required

F002_0194AC

to produce specified density

* Use a lower dryer temperature (95 to 110°F or 35 to 44°C) with 2415

Film if spots form due to rapid drying. Lower temperatures may also be

adequate if you are drying only roll film.

Modulation-Transfer Curves

200

100

PRINTING

The 0.1 neutral density built into the ESTAR-AH Base is

one-half to one-third that found in conventional 35 mm

picture-taking films. Correctly exposed and processed

pictorial negatives may appear to be “thinner” than normal.

It is important to take this into account when you judge the

printability of negatives.

Exposure: Tungsten

Process: Small tank,

KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),

8 minutes at 68 F (20 C);

KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer,

8 minutes at 68 F (20 C);

The micro-fine grain of Technical Pan Film makes

possible printing at higher magnifications than are usually

acceptable with conventional picture-taking films.

Enlargements made at magnifications greater than 25X with

highly specular (point-source) enlargers may show a random

distribution of poorly defined white specks in otherwise

dense areas. The specks are caused by tiny matte particles

coated on the back surface of the film. You can mask the

specks, with little loss in the overall sharpness of the image,

by using an enlarger with a diffuse or semi-diffuse light

source.

4 5

100 200

600

SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)

F002_0180AC

NOTICE: The sensitometric curves and data in this

publication represent product tested under the conditions of

exposure and processing specified. They are representative

of production coatings, and therefore do not apply directly to

a particular box or roll of photographic material. They do not

represent standards or specifications that must be met by

Eastman Kodak Company. The company reserves the right

to change and improve product characteristics at any time.

IMAGE-STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS

The data in this section are based on development at

68°F (20°C) in KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dilution D) for

8 minutes or KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer for

9 minutes.

KODAK Developer

HC-110 (Dilution D) TECHNIDOL Liquid

Diffuse rms

Granularity^*

8 Extremely fine

5 Micro fine

* Read at a net diffuse density of 1.0 using a 48-micrometre aperture

and 12X magnification.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

Characteristic Curves

Exposure: Tungsten, 1/25 second

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Process: Small tank, KODAK DEKTOL

Developer, 3 minutes at 68 F (20 C),

agitation at 30-second intervals

Exposure Index: 200

Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second

Process: Small tank, KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil B),

4, 6, 8, and 12 minutes at 68 F (20 C),

agitation at 30-second intervals

Contrast Index: 2.50

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

250

200

150

100

=3.60

12 min =2.70

8 min =2.05

10 12

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

6 min =1.60

4 min =1.40

0.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

3.0

3.5

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0185AC

F002_0188AC

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

Exposure: Tungsten, 1 second

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Process: Small tank, KODAK Developer D-19;

2, 4, and 8 minutes at 68 F (20 C),

agitation at 30-second intervals

Exposure: Tungsten, 1/25 second

Process: Small tank, KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),

4, 6, and 8 minutes at 68 F (20 C),

agitation at 30-second intervals

3.0

2.0

1.0

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

150

3.00

2.50

200

150

1.80

1.60

1.40

100

2.00

100

8 min =3.50

4 min =2.90

2 min =2.80

8 min =2.00

6 min =1.65

1.20

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

4 min =1.35

0.0

4.0

0.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0182AC

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0183AC

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

Exposure: Tungsten, 1 second

Process: Small tank, KODAK Developer

D-19 (1:2), 4, 5¹

, and 7 minutes at

68 F (20 C), agitation at

30-second intervals

Exposure: Tungsten, 1 second

Process: Small tank, KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil F),

6, 8, and 10 minutes at 68 F (20 C),

agitation at 30-second intervals

3.0

2.0

1.0

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

3.0

2.0

1.0

CONTRAST

INDEX

3.00

EXPOSURE

INDEX

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

200

2.80

2.60

2.40

2.20

150

100

7 min =3.60

5¹

min =3.50

4 min =3.20

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

10 min =1.30

8 min =1.20

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

6 min =1.05

0.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0189AC

2.5

1.5

0.5

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

F002_0184AC

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second

Process: Small tank, KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid

Developer 5, 7, 9, and 11 minutes at

Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second

Process: KODAK VERSAMAT 885

Chemicals at 85 F (29.4 C); KODAK

VERSAMAT Film Processor,

4.0

3.0

2.0

68 F (20 C), agitation at 30-second intervals

Model 11; 1 developer rack

Developing Exposure Contrast

Time (min)

Index

0.48

0.58

0.64

0.70

CONTRAST

INDEX

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

0.70

0.60

0.50

2.60

2.20

1.80

1.40

250

200

150

100

11 min =0.70

9 min =0.65

5 fpm =3.60

10 fpm =2.80

15 fpm =2.20

20 fpm =1.60

25 fpm =1.35

0.40

1.00

10 15 20 25

MACHINE SPEED

(fpm)

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

1.0

7 min =0.60

5 min =0.50

0.0

4.0

0.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0193AC

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0190AC

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second

Exposure: Tungsten, 1/25 second

Process: KODAK DURAFLO RT Developer at

5, 10, 15, and 20 ft/min at 85 F (29.4 C);

KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,

Model 11; 2 developer racks

Process: Small tank, KODAK Developer D-76;

6, 8, 10, and 12 minutes at 68 F (20 C),

agitation at 30-second intervals

5 fpm =2.40

3.0

2.0

1.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

2.20

1.80

1.40

1.00

200

150

100

2.00

1.75

1.50

1.25

125

100

0.60

10 15 20

1.00

12 min =2.50

10 12

MACHINE SPEED

(fpm)

DEVELOPMENT TIME

(minutes)

10 min =2.00

8 min =1.50

10 fpm =1.60

15 fpm =1.00

20 fpm =0.80

6 min =1.20

0.0

3.0

F002_0186AC

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0192AC

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Process: KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals at

5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ft/min at 85 F (29.4 C);

KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,

Model 11; 1 developer rack

5 fpm =2.90

CONTRAST

INDEX

EXPOSURE

INDEX

2.20

1.80

1.40

1.00

200

150

100

0.60

10 15 20 25

MACHINE SPEED

(fpm)

10 fpm =1.55

15 fpm =1.30

20 fpm =1.05

25 fpm =0.85

0.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

F002_0191AC

LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO DEVELOPERS

KODAK Developer to Use for–

KODAK

PROFESSIONAL

Technical Pan Film

(sizes)

Reverse-

Text

Slides

Copying

Printed

Material

Copying

Micro-

photo-

graphy

Electro-

phoretic

Gels

Photo- Electron

microg- Microg-

Astro-

nomical

Pictorial

Continuous-

Tone Photos

Laser

raphy

2415

(135 and long rolls)

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

HC-110

(Dil D)

D-19

HC-110

(Dil B),

D-19,

D-19

HC-110

(Dil B),

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

HC-110

(Dil B),

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

4415

HC-110

(Dil B)

HC-110

(Dil B) or

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

HC-110

(Dil D) or

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

(4 x 5- and

8 x 10-inch)

DEKTOL

D-19, or (1:2), or

D-19

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

HC-110

(Dil D)

HC-110

(Dil B)

6415

(120)

MORE INFORMATION

Kodak has many publications to assist you with information on Kodak products, equipment, and materials.

Additional information is available on the Kodak website and through the U.S.A./Canada faxback system.

The following publications are available from dealers who

sell Kodak products, or you can contact Kodak in your

country for more information.

For the latest version of technical support publications for

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Products, visit Kodak on-line at:

http://www.kodak.com/go/professional

E-30

Storage and Care of KODAK Photographic

If you have questions about KODAK PROFESSIONAL

Products,

Materials—Before and After Processing

F-2

Pathways to Black and White

call Kodak.

E103BF KODAK PROFESSIONAL Black-and-White Films

In the U.S.A.:

E103CF Chemicals for KODAK PROFESSIONAL

1-800-242-2424, Ext. 19, Monday–Friday

9 a.m.–7 p.m. (Eastern time)

In Canada:

Black-and-White Films

1-800-465-6325, Monday–Friday

8 a.m.–5 p.m. (Eastern time)

Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication for use

with KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film are

available from dealers who supply KODAK PROFESSIONAL

Products. You can use other materials, but you may not obtain